دانلود گزارش کارورزی و کار آموزی

چکیده : 

Comparing the contemporary situation of neonaticides and infanticides in the United Stateswith other countries

reveals two salient factors: (1) The punishment and disposition exacted on women in the United States is often

extreme, and (2) The unpredictability of the legal disposition in such cases is pervasive, varying froma homicide

conviction to probation. This is partly due, at least initially, to cases being classified under some degree of homicide.

Although the focus in this article is on neonaticides, none of the 50 states have any special infanticide or

neonaticide statutes in contrast to the majority of other countries. Statutes of 50 other countries are provided

in an Appendix A. A review of earlier historical and cultural approaches is given preliminary to discussion of

the outlier situation presently existing in the United States.

چکیده : 

A growing body of research has demonstrated important variations in the prevalence, nature, and correlates

of suicide across ethnic and sexual minority groups. Despite these developments, existing clinical

and research approaches to suicide assessment and prevention have not incorporated cultural variations

in any systematic way. In addition, theoretical models of suicide have been largely devoid of cultural

influence. The current report presents a comprehensive analysis of literature describing the relationship

between cultural factors and suicide in three major ethnic groups (African Americans, Asian Americans,

and Latinos) and LGBTQ1 sexual minority groups. We utilized an inductive approach to synthesize this

variegated body of research into four factors that account for 95% of existing culturally specific risk data:

cultural sanctions, idioms of distress, minority stress, and social discord. These four cultural factors are

then integrated into a theoretical framework: the Cultural Model of Suicide. Three theoretical principles

emerge: (1) culture affects the types of stressors that lead to suicide; (2) cultural meanings associated

with stressors and suicide affect the development of suicidal tendencies, one’s threshold of tolerance for

psychological pain, and subsequent suicidal acts; and (3) culture affects how suicidal thoughts, intent,

plans, and attempts are expressed. The Cultural Model of Suicide provides an empirically guided cohesive

approach that can inform culturally competent suicide assessment and prevention efforts in future

research and clinical practice. Including both ethnic and sexual minorities in our investigations ensures

advancement along a multiple identities perspective.

چکیده : 

A greater proportion of the United States (US) population is overweight or obese (with BMI

over 25 kg/m2) relative to all Western European populations, and it might be expected that

migrants to either the US or Western Europe would develop patterns of overweight and

obesity that reflect this difference. This paper examines the effects of obesogenic

environments on Asians by reporting differences in rates of overweight (which is taken to

include obesity in this analysis) among 261 adult South Koreans, which had been adopted

in early-life into white middle class families living in the US and in Western European

Nations. Data collected during an international adoption survey carried out for the Korean

government in 2008 were analyzed. The prevalence of overweight of adopted Koreans

raised in the US significantly exceeds the level among adopted Koreans in Europe by 11.3%.

These intercontinental differences are statistically significant after controlling for sex,

current age, age of adoption, and education. This paper supports the view that life-style

factors are more detrimental for the weight status of people in the US than in Western

Europe

چکیده : 

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the incidence of enuresis andencopresis among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD) versus those without ADHD

چکیده : 

This research discusses the application of a mixed-integer-binary small-population-based evolutionary

particle swarm optimization to the problem of optimal power flow, where the optimization problem has

been formulated taking into account four decision variables simultaneously: active power (continuous),

voltage generator (continuous), tap position on transformers (integer) and shunt devices (binary). The

constraint handling technique used in the algorithm is based on a strategy to generate and keep the

decision variables in feasible space through the heuristic operators. The heuristic operators are applied

in the active power stage and the reactive power stage sequentially. Firstly, the heuristic operator for

the power balance is computed in order to maintain the power balance constraint through a re-dispatch

of the thermal units. Secondly, the heuristic operators for the limit of active power flows and the bus

voltage constraint at each generator bus are executed through the sensitivity factors. The advantage of

our approach is that the algorithm focuses the search of the decision variables on the feasible solution

space, obtaining a better cost in the objective function. Such operators not only improve the quality of the

final solutions but also significantly improve the convergence of the search process. The methodology is

verified in several electric power systems.

چکیده : 

The currentpaperpresentsatheoreticalanalysisofNi-63nuclearmicro-batterybasedonawide-band

gap semiconductorGaNthin-film coveredwiththinNi/Au films toformSchottkybarrierforcarrier

separation. ThetotalenergydepositioninGaNwascalculatedusingMonteCarlomethodsbytakinginto

account thefullbetaspectralenergy,whichprovidedanoptimaldesignonSchottkybarrierwidth.

The calculatedresultsshowthatan8 μm thickSchottkybarriercancollectabout95%oftheincidentbeta

particle energy.ConsideringtheactuallimitationsofcurrentGaNgrowthtechnique,aFe-doped

compensation techniquebyMOCVDmethodcanbeusedtorealizethen-typeGaNwithacarrier

concentration of11015 cm−3, bywhichaGaNbasedSchottkybetavoltaicmicro-batterycanachievean

energy conversionefficiency of2.25%basedonthetheoreticalcalculationsofsemiconductordevice

physics.

چکیده : 

Seed-applied fungicides are commonly used to prevent or suppress fungal disease organisms in pulsecrop production. However, non-target beneficial fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), alsomay be affected. Seed-applied fungicides Agrox®FL (active ingredient: captan), AllegianceTMFL (metal-axyl), Apron Maxx®RTA®(fludioxonil and metalaxyl), Thiram 75WP (thiram), Vitaflo®280 (carbathiinand thiram), Crown®(carbathiin and thiabendazole), and Trilex®AL (trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl) wereassessed in a greenhouse study for their effects on colonization and development of AMF in pea and chick-pea, and the consequent impact on plant growth. In the absence of disease pressure, systemic fungicidesAllegianceTMFL, Apron Maxx®RTA®, Vitaflo®280, Crown®and Trilex®AL restricted mycorrhizal coloniza-tion, host growth and P uptake to different levels. In contrast, contact fungicides Agrox®FL and Thiram75WP had minimal effects on mycorrhizal colonization, host growth and P uptake. Although consequentsporulation and glomalin-related protein production were not significantly affected by fungicides at anearly host growth stage, the compositional structure of the AMF community in host roots was signifi-cantly altered in response to Agrox®FL, AllegianceTMFL, Apron Maxx®RTA®, and Trilex®AL as revealedby pyrosequencing-based analysis of fungal 18S rRNA. These results indicate that the suppressi

چکیده : 

Traits subject to ecologically based divergent selection that also affect nonrandom mating (i.e. ‘magic

traits’) may hasten incipient speciation. In this study, we investigated whether nonrandom mating results

from ecological divergence between swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana, subspecies. As a byproduct

of adaptive divergence in bill morphology between populations of swamp sparrows, there is a

corresponding divergence in features of song shown to be salient to females, potentially providing a

mechanism of reproductive isolation. Thus, female mating preferences for song could result in prezygotic

isolation that prevents gene flow between subspecies. In this study we tested the hypothesis that female

preferences for song provide a mechanism of reproductive isolation that limits gene flow between

subspecies. Using copulation solicitation assays, we found that female coastal plain swamp sparrows

showed a significant preference for consubspecific songs over heterosubspecific songs.We further tested

whether mating preferences in coastal populations explain observed differences in song between subspecies.

We found evidence that mating preferences in coastal females may explain the evolution of

some acoustic features of song. We suggest that the bill may be an example of a ‘magic trait’ that

contributes to continued divergence of swamp sparrow subspecies

چکیده : 

Interactions between individuals in a society are the basis of effective task allocation. Division of labour

plays a critical role in the ecological efficiency of social insect societies. In this study we tested whether

social context, specifically the number of workers present, affects thermoregulatory task performance in

honeybees, Apis mellifera.We report here that worker bees assayed singly were significantly less likely to

initiate fanning behaviour in response to elevated temperature than bees assayed in small groups of

three or 10 workers. Bees assayed in groups also showed lower response thresholds than those assayed

alone. The likelihood for fanning behaviour varied significantly among behavioural castes, while thermal

response thresholds did not. These results suggest that worker task performance depends on the

presence of other workers and offer another method by which division of labour in societies is organized