دانلود گزارش کارورزی و کار آموزی

چکیده : 

The motivation for this paper is to solve a model based on the dynamics of electrons in a

plasma using a simplified Boltzmann equation. Such problems have arisen in active plasma

resonance spectroscopy, which is used for plasma diagnostic techniques; see Braithwaite

and Franklin (2009) [1]. We propose a modified iterative splitting approach to solve the

Boltzmann equations as a system of integro-differential equations. To enable solution

by fast and iterative computations, we first transform the integro-differential equations

into second order differential equations. Second, we split each second order differential

equations into two first order differential equations via a splitting approach. We carry out

an error analysis of the higher order iterative approach. Numerical experiments with a

simplified Boltzmann equation will be discussed, along with the benefits of computing with

this splitting approach.

چکیده : 

The longitudinal fluid flow and heat transfer between an elliptical hollow fiber membrane tube bank

(EHFMTB) used for air humidification are investigated. In the tube bank, the water stream flows inside

the fibers, while the air stream flows axially between the fibers. The air and the water streams, in a counter

flow arrangement, are exchanging heat and moisture effectively through the membranes. Two regularly

populated arrangements of the tube bank, in-line and staggered, are considered. Two representative

unit cells consisting of two fibers and the air stream flowing longitudinally between the fibers are

selected as the calculation domains. The governing equations for the fluid flow and the heat transfer

between the EHFMTB are established and numerically solved via a boundary-fitted coordinate transformation

method. The friction factor and Nusselt number in the unit cells are then obtained, analyzed, and

experimentally validated. They are compared with the data obtained for a hollow fiber membrane tube

bank (HFMTB). The results are useful for structural optimization and performance evaluations of the

EHFMTB employed for air humidification.

چکیده : 

Five provinces located in the five main rice-growing regions in China were selected as study areas, which

were Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Guangdong and Hunan province respectively in the middle and

lower reaches of the Yangtze River, northern, southwest, southern and central rice districts. Carbon footprints

of rice production in these five provinces were calculated through the life cycle assessment method

using governmental statistical data, industrial standards and relevant technical data separately. Material

and energy consumptions were estimated, key stages of energy consumptions and carbon emissions were

identified as well. Moreover, improving measurements had been suggested correspondingly. The results

indicated that: the energy consumptions of rice production in these five provinces ranked as following

(high to low): Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Sichuan and Jiangsu. The carbon footprints of rice production

were 2504.20 kg carbon dioxide equation per ton rice (kgCO2-eq./t) (Guangdong province),

2326.47 kgCO2-eq./t (Hunan province), 1889.97 kgCO2-eq./t (Heilongjiang province), 1538.90 kgCO2-

eq./t (Sichuan province) and 1344.92 kgCO2-eq./t (Jiangsu province) respectively. Reducing the quantities

of urea and using the intermittent irrigation method could decrease energy consumption as well as carbon

footprint

چکیده : 

In order to evaluate the early tolerance of Mactra chinensis to salinity, the treatments of salinity gradients

and salinity gradual changes were set in this study, and the post growth and development of juveniles

were analyzed in recovery experiment, respectively. The result showed that the optimum hatching of

zygotes was found at a salinity from 24 to 32, which is narrower than that of larvae (20–32); a slight

of low salinity (16–32) will benefit the early growth and development of M. chinensis; at planktonic

and creeping stages, low salinity stress (20) was conducive to promoting the growth of juvenile M. chinensis

philippi; 4, 48 was the ultimate salinity of M. chinensis; The range of early tolerance of larvae M. chinensis

philippi to salinity can be widened through a short period of salinity acclimation.

چکیده : 

Zoige wetland of Tibetan plateau is a model low temperature ecosystem in a low latitude (33560N,

102520E) and high altitude region. Its organism has a unique phylogeny. To better evaluate the resource

of the non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota in such an ecosystem, both restriction fragment length polymorphism

(RFLP) and clone techniques were employed to study the diversity and phylogenetics of the nonthermophilic

Crenarchaeota in the wetland soil. Archaeal 16S rRNA genes were amplified with the

archaea-specific primers, and a library consisting of 240 clones was established. The non-thermophilic

Crenarchaeota phylogenetic tree was constructed using the ARB phylogenetic analysis software. Based

on the results of the RFLP experiments, the clones of all three Zoige wetland swamp soil samples were

grouped into 16 different restriction cleavage patterns, all the clone coverage indices were above 91%,

showing high library coverage. The correlations analysis indicated that the biodiversity of the non-thermophilic

Crenarchaeota be positively correlated with soil moisture. The phylogenetic analysis revealed

that all of the 16 Crenarchaeota sequences were clustered into two groups: 13 sequences in the Group

1.1b and 3 in the Group 1.3, similar to those archaeal sequences obtained from grassland soil, freshwater

reservoirs, and seawater above boreholes, and radioactive groundwater and hot springs.

چکیده : 

Background: Studies of potential medication problems among older adults have focused on English-speaking

populations in a single health care setting or a single potential medication problem. No previous studies investigated

potential inappropriate medications (PIMs) and medication discrepancies (MDs) among older Chinese Americans

during care transitions from hospital discharge to home care.

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine, in older Chinese Americans, the prevalence of both PIMs and

MDs; the relationship between PIMs and MDs; and the patient and hospitalization characteristics associated with them

during care transitions from hospital discharge to home care.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of older Chinese Americans from a large certified

nonprofit home-care agency in New York City from June 2010 to July 2011. PIMs were identified by using 2002

diagnosis-independent Beers criteria. MDs were identified by comparing the differences between hospital discharge

medication order and home-care admission medication order. Prevalence of PIMs and MDs and their relationship was

determined. Logistic regression examined the relationship between hospitalization and patient characteristics with

PIMs and MDs.

چکیده : 

This article describes the effects of an evidence-based depression prevention intervention on the depressive

symptomatology, negative thinking, and self-esteemin college students. A feasibility study was conducted using

pre-test post-test design sampling a total of 12 college students. Participants underwent 4-weeks of

psychological treatment using Peden's cognitive behavioral group intervention. The Beck Depression Inventory,

Crandell Cognitions Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered at two time points: prior to

the intervention (T1) and 4 weeks later (T2). Paired t-test analysis found participants had significantly

decreased depressive symptoms and negative thinking, and significantly increased self-esteem from T1 to T2.

چکیده : 

Objective: Although research utilizing the Internet to intervene with college student drinkers is growing, this

study is the first to investigate the use of a theoretically-based and empirically supported personalized feedback

form delivered via a single e-mail to college students.

Method: Students () completed measures of their alcohol use, related consequences, and peer

perceptions at baseline and 6 weeks after the intervention. Students were randomly assigned to receive

either e-mailed personalized feedback or e-mailed generic feedback.

Results: Students who received e-mailed personalized feedback reported consuming significantly fewer

drinks in a given week, as well as a fewer number of days being drunk in the previous 30 days. They also

exhibited a significant reduction in the number of days they perceived their peers to have drunk alcohol

and in the amount of alcohol they perceived their peers to consume per drinking occasion.

Conclusion: e-Mailed personalized feedback appears to help students become more aware of normative

drinking behavior and reduce the quantity of alcohol they consume. Furthermore, e-mailed personalized

feedback may be a cost-effective manner in which to intervene with college student drinkers

چکیده : 

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the immediate quantitative effects of singlerecreational music therapy interventions on mood utilizing a pre- posttest research design. Participants() were acute psychiatric inpatients. Using the Quick Mood Scale (Woodruffe-Peacock, Turnbull,Johnson, Elahi, & Preston, 1998), the researchers compared pre- and posttest measures in participants’moods with 10 different recreational music therapy interventions. Results indicated positive and signif-icant immediate changes in four mood factors after a single recreational music therapy session: (a) wideawake/drowsy, (b) relaxed/anxious, (c) cheerful/depressed, and (d) friendly/aggressive. There were nosignificant between-intervention differences concerning mood or posttest measures of perceived helpful-ness and enjoyment. From the results of this study, it seems that recreational music therapy interventionscan have an immediate positive impact on acute psychiatric inpatients’ moods but the specific type ofrecreational music therapy intervention utilized does not affect outcome. Limitations, suggestions forfuture research, and implications for clinical practice are provided.

چکیده : 

In line with the emerging research that acknowledges the importance of the process

character of immigrants’ labour market integration, this paper examines the existence of

path dependencies of early employment trajectories on later labour market outcomes.

Theoretically we are interested in establishing whether career trajectories provide a

distinct signal, used by both employers and employees: a signal that operates apart and

beyond the accumulation of host-country relevant resources, especially, host-country

labour market experience or training. The analyses are performed with the help of a

unique dataset comprised of recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany.

Sequence analysis techniques and multivariate regressions are applied. Results show that

starting in higher-status employment leaves a distinguishable imprint on immigrants’