دانلود گزارش کارورزی و کار آموزی

چکیده : 

One accepted function of vocalisations is to convey information about the signaller, such as its age–sexclass, motivation, or relationship with the recipient. Yet, in natural habitats individuals not only interactwith conspecifics but also with members of other species. This is well documented for African forestmonkeys, which form semi-permanent mixed-species groups that can persist for decades. Althoughmembers of such groups interact with each other on a daily basis, both physically and vocally, it iscurrently unknown whether they can discriminate familiar and unfamiliar voices of heterospecific groupmembers. We addressed this question with playbacks on monkey species known to form polyspecificassociations in the wild: red-capped mangabeys, Campbell’s monkeys and Guereza colobus monkeys.We tested subjects’ discrimination abilities of contact calls of familiar and unfamiliar female De Brazzamonkeys. When pooling all species, subjects looked more often towards the speaker when hearing con-tact calls of unfamiliar than familiar callers. When testing De Brazza monkeys with their own calls, wefound the same effect with the longest gaze durations after hearing unfamiliar voices. This suggeststhat primates can discriminate, not only between familiar and unfamiliar voices of conspecifics, but alsobetween familiar and unfamiliar voices of heterospecifics living within a close proximity.

چکیده : 

This work presents a semi-automatic software based on geographic information systems (GIS) in which

all the information is stored in an alphanumeric and graphic database. Due to the amount of different

information to be managed during the process, the use of GIS is essential. To properly proceed with

the distribution of the new replacement plots, the alphanumeric database included noteworthy factors

such as the soil quality of the initial lands and the preferences of the owners. The graphic database consisted

of a geo-reference map over which other interesting information, such as topography, types of soil

and means of communication, are merged. As result of this procedure, different information was obtained

(such as final assignments and mass for each replacement plot, as well as land consolidation plans), and

the software developed has showed its capability for more efficient land consolidation.

چکیده : 

A time series of remotely-sensed chlorophyll a (chl a) in 1997–2010 was evaluated to determine mechanisms of phytoplankton variation

in recent decade in the South China Sea (SCS) and the western North Pacific subtropical gyre (WNPSG). Satellite-derived sea

surface temperature (SST) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) were used as proxies for vertical nutrient supply and atmospheric aerosol,

respectively. Chl a in the WNPSG was not significantly correlated with SST (, p > 0.05), but was with AOT (, p < 0.05),

indicating the chl a was influenced by atmospheric deposition. Chl a in the SCS was negatively correlated with SST (r = 0.60, p < 0.05)

and was positively with AOT (, p < 0.05). The correlation between AOT and chl a in the SCS does not reflect a major contribution

from atmospheric deposition to chl a; instead, the relationship resulted from concurrence of the peaks of AOT and wind speed,

which drive water mixing and nutrient supply. Consequently, chl a in the SCS would be regulated primarily by the nutrient supply from

deep waters. Because SST was controlled by the ENSO teleconnection in the SCS, the chl a was coupled with ENSO events. The present

study demonstrated that interannual phytoplankton variation could be controlled by different factors even in neighboring oligotrophic

regions

چکیده : 

Considering the limitations of current single pixel-based and function-based computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) models, this

paper proposes a new tomography model – COMBI, which combines these two models. COMBI model is able to reconstruct the three

dimensional distribution of electron density with fewer parameters, and easy to compute, as well as very convenient to use. Through

experiments with simulated data and measured data, it is verified that the new COMBI model not only can better describe refine structure

of ionospheric electron density, but also is superior to these two pixel-based and function-based CIT models in application.

چکیده :

We deal with the question of uniqueness, namely to decide when an unknown finite set of

points in Z2 is uniquely determined by its X-rays corresponding to a given set S of lattice

directions. In Hajdu (2005) [11] proved that for any fixed rectangle A in Z2 there exists a

non trivial set S of four lattice directions, depending only on the size of A, such that any

two subsets of A can be distinguished by means of their X-rays taken in the directions in

S. The proof was given by explicitly constructing a suitable set S in any possible case. We

improve this result by showing that in fact whole families of suitable sets of four directions

can be found, for which we provide a complete characterization. This permits us to easily

solve some related problems and the computational aspects.

چکیده : 

The family of separating circles of two finite sets in the plane consists of all the circles

that enclose the first set but exclude the second set. We prove some theoretical results

on distances between families of circles, and properties about enclosure and intersection.

Most of these results state that a property that involves one or more infinite families of

circles can be verified by examining a finite subcollection of circles. As a result enclosure

and intersection can be decided, and distances can be computed with simple geometric

algorithms. Furthermore, the circles of the finite subcollections correspond to the vertices

of a polytope in the parameter space of separating circles. A polytope of separating circle

parameters is well-known computational geometry, but we prove some new properties

and we introduce the concept of an elementary circular separation as a concise way to

define such a polytope.

چکیده : 

Among many grammar models for picture description, cooperating context-free distributed

array grammar systems utilize the mechanism of cooperation between component

array grammars. Here, we endow these grammar systems with the feature of

permitting symbols, and examine the generative capacity of the resulting permitting cooperating

context-free distributed array grammar systems with certain other kinds of isometric

and non-isometric array grammars. An advantage is that the number of components

is reduced when this permitting feature is used in a cooperating context-free distributed

array grammar system

چکیده :

Elongation of the conjugated chain of resveratrol has been proved to be an effective strategy to further

improve its antioxidative capacity and radical scavenging ability. In this work, quantum chemical calculations

based on density functional theory have been employed at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory to

study the influence of the conjugated chain length on equilibrium geometries and properties of relevant

species. Our results show elongation of conjugated chain significantly decreases 40-OH bond dissociation

enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP) and proton affinities (PAs) of phenolate ions in gas phase. In

aqueous solution 40-OH BDE, IP are lower as compared to that in gas phase, for PAs of phenolate ions

almost no change is induced, but significant decrease in electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) is presented.

These indicate that longer conjugated chain is favorable for the radical scavenging capacity and antioxidative

activity. In addition, stable s-cis conformers of long chain reservatrol analogs are found to be more

favorable for production of phenoxyl radicals and cation radicals as compared to trans conformers, with

concomitant enhancement of the antioxidative activity

چکیده :

The study of the kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase thermal decarboxylation of allyl formate and

2-methylallyl formate was carried out by means of electronic structure calculations using Density Functional

Theory (DFT) functionals: B3LYP, B3PW91, MPW1PW91 and PBEPBE. Two possible molecular

mechanisms were investigated: a concerted [1, 5] hydrogen shift through a six-centered cyclic transition

state, and a [1, 3] hydrogen shift mechanism through a four-centered cyclic transition state. Calculation

results suggest these reactions to be unimolecular and proceed in a concerted mechanism through a sixmembered

cyclic transition state (TS) geometry. Despite the similar activation energies, differences were

found when comparing the two elimination processes. In the case of allyl formate, the reaction shows

small predominance of the change in the terminal allyl moiety bond order and the CAOester bond breaking.

Conversely, for 2-methylallyl formate, the process is highly controlled by the new C@O double bond

development leading to carbon dioxide formation. Moreover, in the 2-methylallyl formate decomposition,

the a-carbonyl hydrogen transfer to the terminal allyl carbon to produce 2-methyl propene is at

a very early stage in the TS compared to allyl formate.

چکیده : 

The interactions between a thieno-separated tricyclic guanine analog (ttG) and gold nanoclusters Aun

(, 4, 6, and 8) were studied theoretically at the DFT level. Geometries of neutral complexes were optimized

using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set for ttG and the LANL2DZ basis set for

gold clusters. The binding modes, interacting strength, and the charge transfer properties of different

Aun–ttG complexes were investigated. Natural population analysis was performed for NBO charges. It

was found that gold nanoclusters form stable complexes with ttG and the complexation results in a substantial

amount of electronic charge being transferred from ttG to the gold clusters. Furthermore, binding

of Aun is the most strong at N3 site, followed by the N7 site, and the binding at O6 site is relatively

weaker. In addition, binding of Aun at N3 site will increase the planarity of ttG moiety. The vertical first

ionization potential, electron affinity, fermi level, and the HOMO–LUMO gap of ttG and Aun–ttG complexes

were also analyzed.