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چکیده : 

One accepted function of vocalisations is to convey information about the signaller, such as its age–sexclass, motivation, or relationship with the recipient. Yet, in natural habitats individuals not only interactwith conspecifics but also with members of other species. This is well documented for African forestmonkeys, which form semi-permanent mixed-species groups that can persist for decades. Althoughmembers of such groups interact with each other on a daily basis, both physically and vocally, it iscurrently unknown whether they can discriminate familiar and unfamiliar voices of heterospecific groupmembers. We addressed this question with playbacks on monkey species known to form polyspecificassociations in the wild: red-capped mangabeys, Campbell’s monkeys and Guereza colobus monkeys.We tested subjects’ discrimination abilities of contact calls of familiar and unfamiliar female De Brazzamonkeys. When pooling all species, subjects looked more often towards the speaker when hearing con-tact calls of unfamiliar than familiar callers. When testing De Brazza monkeys with their own calls, wefound the same effect with the longest gaze durations after hearing unfamiliar voices. This suggeststhat primates can discriminate, not only between familiar and unfamiliar voices of conspecifics, but alsobetween familiar and unfamiliar voices of heterospecifics living within a close proximity.