دانلود گزارش کارورزی و کار آموزی

چکیده : 

A large-deformation numerical methodology is applied to simulate the interaction effects for a pipeline

installed in a trench backfilled with loosely deposited dry sand, focusing on shallow buried pipelines subjected

to lateral displacements relative to the surrounding soil. Based on the backfill–pipeline deformation

mode under shallow embedment conditions, described in previous experimental studies, analyses

are performed while considering only the critical state shear strength parameters of the backfill. The

numerical methodology is validated against experimental full-scale test measurements from the literature,

for pipelines buried in uniform dry loose and medium sand. Parametric analyses are performed

to generate approximate formulas and charts for calculating (i) the maximum force on the pipeline

and (ii) the minimum trench dimensions to eliminate interaction with the surrounding natural ground.

Application of the proposed approach in the prediction of independent full-scale test results for a pipeline

embedded in a shallow trench demonstrates its effectiveness, and underlines the effect of trench dimensioning

on the response of the pipeline