دانلود گزارش کارورزی و کار آموزی

چکیده : 

Entering the new century, foreign Fortune 500 companies operating in

China and Russia have encountered an increasing number of public crises concerning

various social and environmental issues. The public crisis refers to an unexpected,

non-routine, and media-exposed event in which affected stakeholders (e.g., community

members, employees, customers) charge that a company has compromised their

interests. Although many of these crises involved the misdeeds of multinational

corporations (MNCs), the story is beyond catching baddies. Instead, there are

contextual challenges rooted in the social, political, and market environments of

China and Russia that drive the occurrence of the public crisis regardless of MNC

misdeeds. Considering the institutional change and stakeholder growth in these

countries, it is increasingly important for MNCs to understand and effectively deal

with these challenges. This article provides insights to MNCs and researchers in three

ways. First, the article reveals the patterns of MNC crises in the two countries from

2000 to 2011 and presents the variation between the two countries. Second, the

article identifies four types of contextual challenges, including the global-national

challenge, the social-trust challenge, the institutional-voids challenge, and the

normalized-misdeed challenge. Finally, the article discusses the managerial implications

of these challenges and recommends tackling strategies.